Eye Detection using Helmholtz Principle

            كشف العين استخدم في تطبيقات متعددة مثل تمييز الأنماط , البصمة, وأنظمة المراقبة والعديد من الأنظمة الأخرى. في هذه المقالة ,تم تقديم  طريقة جديدة لتحديد العين واستخلاص الشكل الخارجي لعين واحدة من الصورة بالأعتماد على مبدئين هما Helmholtz و Gestalt. وفقا لميدأ الأدراك ل Helmholtz  أنه أي شكل هندسي ملاحظ يكون ذو معنى أدراكيا أذا كان عدد مرات تكراره ضئيل جدا في صورة ذات توزيع عشوائي. لتحقيق هذا الهدف مبدأ Gestalt الذى ينص على أن الأنسان يلاحظ الأشياء أما عن طريق تجميع عناصره المتماثلة أو تمييز الأنماط . بصورة عامة وفقا  لمبدأ Gestalt ان الانسان يدرك الأشياء من خلال الوصف العام لهذه الاشياء . في هذه المقالة تم الأستفادة من هذين المبدئين لتمييز وأستخلاص جزء العين من الصورة. اللغة البرمجية جافا مع مكتبة opencv المتخصصة في معالجة الصور تم استخدامهما معا لهذا الغرض. نتائج جيدة تم الحصول عليها من هذه الطريقة المقترحة , حيث تم الحصول على 88.89% كنسبة الدقة أما بالنسبة لمعدل وقت التنفيذ يبلغ 0.23 من الثواني.            Eye Detection is used in many applications like pattern recognition, biometric, surveillance system and many other systems. In this paper, a new method is presented to detect and extract the overall shape of one eye from image depending on two principles Helmholtz & Gestalt. According to the principle of perception by Helmholz, any observed geometric shape is perceptually "meaningful" if its repetition number is very small in image with random distribution. To achieve this goal, Gestalt Principle states that humans see things either through grouping its similar elements or recognize patterns. In general, according to Gestalt Principle, humans see things through general description of these things. This paper utilizes these two principles to recognize and extract eye part from image. Java programming language and OpenCV library for image processing are used for this purpose. Good results are obtained from this proposed method, where 88.89% was obtained as a detection rate taking into account that the average execution time is about 0.23 in seconds

Studying the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared on the Surface of Poly Methyl Methacrylate

            تضمن البحث تحضير أوكسيد المغنسيوم النانوي (MgO NPS) وتشخيصه ودراسة تأثيره على سطح البوليمر ، باستخدام تراكيز مختلفة من MgO NPS . النتائج تبين بأن اضافة الاوكسيد تزيد من تحلل متعدد المثيل ميثا اكريليت. تم استخدام تقنية الاشعة السينية والمجهر الالكتروني الماسح ومجهر القوة الذرية لدراسة مورفولوجيا السطح وحجم المادة النانوية. حضرت الرقائق البوليمرية بخلط نسب وزنية مختلفة من اوكسيد المغنسيوم النانوي بنسبة  ( 0.025 ، 0.05 ، 0.1 ، 0.2 ، 0.4 ) % مع محلول البوليمر (7% W/V) ، وتم تشعيع الرقائق النقية من متعدد المثيل ميثا اكريليت والحاوية على تراكيز مختلفة من أوكسيد المغنسيوم النانوي باستعمال جهاز الاشعة فوق البنفسجية ، وتم متابعة التغير بثابت سرعة التحلل الضوئي (Kd) باستعمال مطيافية الاشعة فوق البنفسجية ، كما تم متابعة وحساب التغير في مقدار معامل نمو الهيدروكسيل (IOH) باستعمال مطيافية الاشعة تحت الحمراء . بينت النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها أن ثابت سرعة التحلل الضوئي ومعامل نمو الهيدروكسيل تزداد بازدياد فترات التشعيع وزيادة تركيز المادة النانوية في الرقائق البوليمرية .          In this paper, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPS) have been prepared and characterized and its concentration effect has been studied on polymers surface (MgO NPS). The results showed that the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate increased when using such metal oxide. The results also showed that the metal oxide increased the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy were used to study the morphological characteristics and size of nano MgO particles analysis.  Films were prepared by mixing the different masses of MgO NPS (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) % with a polymer solution ratio (W/V) 7 %. Photo- degradation rate was monitored irradiation’s time by measuring the incident frequency of the index value of the hydroxyl coefficient of growth (IOH) at fixed film thickness and constant concentration. Spectrophotometry (IR, and UV. Visible) techniques were used to determine the change in the intensity of the spectrum bundles

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by using Batch Method and Study its Antibacterial Activity

يتضمن هذا البحث  تحضير محاليل الذهب النانوية  بأستخدام الطريقة القياسية والعكسية. باستخدام الطريقة القياسية ، تم إعداد محاليل الذهب النانوية بمتوسط أحجام تتراوح بين (25-40) نانو متر. أظهر تغيير العوامل التي تؤثر على طريقة توركيفتش (تركيز أيونات الذهب، درجة الحرارة ،كمية السيترات المضافة، التسخين الاولي، زمن التفاعل وتغيير ترتيب الإضافة للمواد المتفاعلة ) اظهر اختلافات في الألوان والامتصاصيات والطول الموجي الاعظم  لمحاليل الذهب النانوية المحضرة. هذه العوامل وفقًا لنظرية (آلية النمو) تعني حصول تغير في احجام وتوزيع جزيئات الذهب النانوية  المحضرة عن طريق تغيير تركيز أيونات الذهب. امكن رسم منحنى المعايرة الذي يستخدم لتحديد تركيز أيونات الذهب في المحاليل المائية وحلي الذهب بعد تحويلها إلى جسيمات الذهب النانوية. أظهرت النتائج نسبة استرجاع جيدة وخطأ نسبي صغير. تمت دراسة فعالية الجسيمات الذهب النانوية  المحضرة وفقًا لطريقة توركيفيتش كعوامل مضادة للبكتيريا. تم حساب التركيز الأدنى للتثبيط لجسيمات الذهب النانوية التي تثبط النمو البكتيري باستخدام طريقة التخفيف حيث تم استخدام محاليل الذهب النانوية لمنع نمو البكتيريا.The research involves preparing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and studying the factors that influence the shape, sizes and distribution ratio of the prepared particles according to Turkevich method. These factors include (reaction temperature, initial heating, concentration of gold ions, concentration and quantity of added citrate, reaction time and order of reactant addition). Gold nanoparticles prepared were characterized by the following measurements: UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of gold nanoparticles was formed in the range (20 -35) nm. The amount of added citrate was changed and studied. In addition, the concentration of added gold ions was changed and the calibration curve was calculated used to estimate Au ions in different samples. The effectiveness of gold nanoparticles prepared according to Turkevich method was studied as antibacterial agents against E. coli bacteria. The minimum inhibition concentration of gold nanoparticles that inhibit bacterial growth was calculated using the broth dilution method, which is based on several dilutions to determine the inhibition concentration

Comprehensive assessment of a nationwide simulation-based course for artificial life support

BACKGROUND: Successful implementation of medical technologies applied in life-threatening conditions, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires appropriate preparation and training of medical personnel. The pandemic has accelerated the creation of new ECMO centers and has highlighted continuous training in adapting to new pandemic standards. To reach high standards of patients\u27 care, we created the first of its kind, National Education Centre for Artificial Life Support (NEC-ALS) in 40 million inhabitants\u27 country in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The role of the Center is to test and promote the novel or commonly used procedures as well as to develop staff skills on management of patients needing ECMO. METHOD: In 2020, nine approved and endorsed by ELSO courses of Artificial Life Support with ECMO were organized. Physicians participated in the three-day high-fidelity simulation-based training that was adapted to abide by the social distancing norms of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge as well as crucial cognitive, behavioral and technical aspects (on a 5-point Likert scale) of management on ECMO were assessed before and after course completion. Moreover, the results of training in mechanical chest compression were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were 115 participants (60% men) predominantly in the age of 30-40 years. Majority of them (63%) were anesthesiologists or intensivists with more than 5-year clinical experience, but 54% had no previous ECMO experience. There was significant improvement after the course in all cognitive, behavioral, and technical self-assessments. Among aspects of management with ECMO that all increased significantly following the course, the most pronounced was related to the technical one (from approximately 1.0 to more 4.0 points). Knowledge scores significantly increased post-course from 11.4 ± SD to 13 ± SD (out of 15 points). The quality of manual chest compression relatively poor before course improved significantly after training. CONCLUSIONS: Our course confirmed that simulation as an educational approach is invaluable not only in training and testing of novel or commonly used procedures, skills upgrading, but also in practicing very rare cases. The implementation of the education program during COVID-19 pandemic may be helpful in founding specialized Advanced Life Support centers and teams including mobile ones. The dedicated R&D Innovation Ecosystem established in the ECMO for Greater Poland program, with developed National Education Center can play a crucial role in the knowledge and know-how transfer but future research is needed

Clinical Presentation and Surgical Management of Brain Abscess

Objectives:  To determine the clinical presentation, surgical management and outcome of patients with Brain Abscess in our locality. Study Design:  Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study:  Bolan Medical complex, Sandeman Provincial Hospital and Akram Hospital, Quetta. Duration from January 2003 to July 2004. Subject and Methods:  Study conducted on twenty patients with Brain Abscess confirmed on CT Scans. Patients of both gender and all age group were included in the study. Those managed conservatively were excluded from the study. Results:  Surgery was performed on all patients with the mortality rate of 20% (4) in this study. Conclusion:  Appropriate microbial coverage and surgical management of Brain Abscess reduced the mortality and neurological deficits. Key Works:  Brain Abscess, Neurological deficit, Mortality